黄应丽

football, soccer, Association football　　　足球        
field, pitch　　　足球场          
midfield　　　中场          
kick-off circle　 中圈  
          

CLIFF: 把球踢开的圈. Kick-off 在日常用语中经常被用指事情的开始, the start/beginning, e.g.           
Are you ready to kick off?          
你准备好出发了吗？          
Who will kick off with the first question for our speaker?          
谁将向我们的演讲者提出第一个问题？          
An increase in oil prices would kick off a new round of inflation.          
石油价格的上涨将引起新的一轮通货膨胀。     

     
        
half-way line　　　中线          
football, eleven　　　足球队          
football player　　　足球运动员          
goalkeeper, goaltender, goalie　　　守门员          
back　　　后卫          
left　　　左后卫          
right back　　　右后卫          
centre half back　　　中卫          
half back　　　前卫 left half back　　　左前卫          
right half back　　　右前卫          
forward　　　前锋          
centre forward, centre　　　中锋          
inside left forward, inside left　　　左内锋          
inside right forward, inside right　　　右内锋          
outside left forward, outside left　　　左边锋          
outside right forward, outside right　　　右边锋          
kick-off　　　开球          
bicycle kick, overhead kick　　　倒钩球          
chest-high ball　　　平胸球          
corner ball, corner　　　角球          
goal kick　　　球门球          
ground ball, grounder　　　地面球          
hand ball　　　手触球          
header　　　头球          
penalty kick　　　点球          
spot kick　　　罚点球          
free kick　　　罚任意球          
throw-in　　　掷界外球          
ball handling　　　控制球          
block tackle　　　正面抢截          
body check　　　身体阻挡          
bullt　　　球门前混战          
fair charge　　　合理冲撞          
chesting　　　胸部挡球          
close-marking defence　　　钉人防守          
close pass, short pass　　　短传          
consecutive passes　　　连续传球          
deceptive movement　　　假动作          
diving header　　　鱼跃顶球          
flying headar　　　跳起顶球          
dribbling　　　盘球          
finger-tip save　　　（守门员）托救球          
clean catching　　　（守门员）跳球抓好          
flank pass　　　边线传球          
high lobbing pass　　　高吊传球          
scissor pass　　　交叉传球          
volley pass　　　凌空传球          
triangular pass　　　三角传球          
rolling pass, ground pass　　　滚地传球          
slide tackle　　　铲球          
clearance kick　　　解除危险的球          
to shoot　　　射门          
grazing shot　　　贴地射门          
close-range shot　　　近射          
long drive　　　远射          
mis-hit　　　未射中          
offside　　　越位          
to pass the ball　　　传球          
to take a pass　　　接球          
spot pass　　　球传到位          
to trap　　　脚底停球          
to intercept　　　截球          
to break through, to beat　　　带球过人          
to break loose　　　摆脱          
to control the midfield　　　控制中场          
to disorganize the defence　　　破坏防守          
to fall back　　　退回          
to set a wall　　　筑人墙          
to set the pace　　　掌握进攻节奏          
to ward off an assault　　　击退一次攻势          
to break up an attack　　　破坏一次攻势          
ball playing skill　　　控球技术          
total football　　　全攻全守足球战术          
open football　　　拉开的足球战术          
off-side trap　　　越位战术          
wing play　　　边锋战术          
shoot-on-sight tactics　　　积极的抢射战术          
time wasting tactics　　　拖延战术          
Brazilian formation　　　巴西阵式， 4-2-4 阵式          
four backs system　　　四后卫制          
four-three-three formation　　　4-3-3 阵式       

BEIJING, Oct. 15 — Delivering the opening address at the ruling Communist Party’s 17th National Congress today, President Hu Jintao promised to address social fissures, a degraded environment and rampant corruption during his second term as China’s top leader, but he all but ruled out more than cosmetic political reform.
Mr. Hu spoke extensively about his “scientific view of development,” a set of lofty, vague principles supporting harmonious economic, social and political development.
The congress will enshrine the phrase “scientific view of development” into the party’s constitution alongside the political slogans of Mao, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin, elevating Mr. Hu into the pantheon of leaders as he begins the second and final term as party general secretary, head of state and military chief.
This speech kicked off the week-long event held once every five years to extol past leaders and welcome a roster of younger officials newly elevated to leadership roles.
Party members have described the succession contest, conducted in secret, as fractious. But the congress proceedings, which are purely ceremonial, present a facade of seamless unity and continuity.
In the main auditorium of the Great Hall of the People, under a giant hammer and sickle, Mr. Hu appeared on a rostrum with all the other members of the Politburo Standing Committee and the Central Committee arranged in precise hierarchical order. They were joined by party elders including Mr. Jiang, Mr. Hu’s direct predecessor, and at least two stalwarts of an earlier era, Wan Li and Song Ping, both more than 90 years old.
In keeping with tradition, Mr. Hu’s address, which lasted two and half hours, stressed the correctness of the rhetoric and guiding philosophies of the past. Though the text of the address ran to 64 pages, Mr. Hu discussed few specific government programs and provided only broad hints about what he intends to do between now and 2012, when under party retirement rules he will make way for a new top leader.
“China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation,” Mr. Hu told the 2,200 party delegates and a national television audience. “This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges. On the whole, the opportunities outweigh the challenges.”
Mr. Hu tweaked one well established goal, which was to quadruple the economic output of the year 2000 by 2020, saying that the party would now aim to increase “per capital GDP” four-fold in the same period.
The switch to a per capita target reflects Mr. Hu’s emphasis on enhancing the benefits that the Chinese people derive from economic growth. But given that China’s population will likely increase by about two hundred million during the 20-year period, the new goal suggests that Mr. Hu now expects the economy, which has sustained double-digit growth for more than five years, to expand at an even faster pace than he and his predecessors forecast at the last party congress in 2002.
He called the international situation favorable to China, saying a “trend toward a multipolar world is irreversible.” He offered to hold peace talks with Taiwan, the self-governing island China claims as its territory, as long as the island’s leadership sets aside independence goals. The offer broke no new ground, but his tone was slightly softer than in the past.
In defining his program of “scientific development,” Mr. Hu discussed the growing gap between rich and poor. He said the economy still relies too much on investment and not enough on consumption to drive growth. The leadership should do more to protect the environment, he said.
“We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions,” he said. “We need to correctly handle the major relationships between urban and rural development, economic and social development, and man and nature.”
Mr. Hu repeatedly used the word democracy and said the party should become more responsive to the public. He also called for “intra-party democracy,” or allowing more party officials to participate in decision making.
He said corruption poses a threat to the party’s survival, a particularly resonant issue after the leadership purged former Shanghai Party boss Chen Liangyu in one of the highest-level corruption scandals in its history.
But Mr. Hu endorsed only incremental political change. He insisted on maintaining the party’s monopoly on power, saying that it must remain “the core” that “directs the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters.”
The proceedings got underway even as speculation mounted that the party elite was still negotiating membership in the new Politburo Standing Committee, the top governing body.
The leadership submitted a list of people slated for top posts to the party’s Central Committee last week, party officials who were told about the closed-door proceedings said.
The list called for a nine-man Standing Committee headed by Mr. Hu, with three current members retiring. Two younger leaders, Xi Jinping, 54, party boss of Shanghai, and Li Keqiang, 52, party secretary of Liaoning Province, are expected to join the Standing Committee and inherit the top jobs when Mr. Hu steps down, these people said.
But one of the current members expected to retire to make way for the younger officials, Vice President Zeng Qinghong, was over the weekend named secretary general of the congress’s secretariat, a position that historically signals inclusion in the Standing Committee for the coming term.
That suggests that Mr. Hu was either awarding an unusual

腮腺炎 唾液腺有3对，腮腺、舌下腺和颌下腺，其中最大的一对是腮腺。小儿得了腮腺炎后，面部就像打肿脸的胖子。因为腮腺位于两侧面颊近耳垂处，腮腺炎时肿大的腮腺是以耳垂为中心，向周围蔓延，故腮腺炎在民间称为"大嘴巴"。 腮腺炎是由腮腺炎病毒侵犯腮腺引起的急性呼吸传染病，病人是传染源，飞沫的吸入是主要传播途径，接触病人后2－3周发病。腮腺炎主要表现为一侧或两侧耳垂下肿大，肿大的腮腺常呈半球形，以耳垂为中心边缘不清，表面发热有角痛，张口或咀嚼时局部感到疼痛。腮腺肿胀在发病1－ 3天最明显，以后逐渐消退，约2周肿胀完全退尽。在发病初期的3－5天，可有发热、乏力、不愿吃东西等全身症状。 一旦发现腮腺炎，患儿应立即隔离，卧床休息。饮食宜软、易消化，避免酸辣等刺激性食物。因为这些食物易刺激唾液腺分泌，导致局部疼痛加剧。要多饮开水，保持口腔清洁，也可用复方硼砂溶液漱口。肿胀部位可用中药外敷，取青黛15克，或中成药如意金黄散15克，用水调匀即可。外敷后可减少局部疼痛，帮助消肿。同时还可服板蓝根冲剂。 一旦小儿得了腮腺炎，应隔离至腮腺肿胀完全消退后才可入托或上学，以免传染给其他小儿。由于腮腺炎容易在托幼机构中流行，因此若发现患儿，应加强晨检工作，对可疑患儿有接触的小朋友，应观察21天，同时预防性口服板蓝根冲剂。一般连续3－5天。有一点要注意，丙种球蛋白对腮腺炎无预防作用。 腮腺炎分为化脓性和病毒性两种。 化脓性腮腺炎是由细菌感染引起，主要是葡萄球菌。常见的病因是1，腮腺分泌机能减退，多见于急性传染病及衰弱的患者；2，腮腺导管口堵塞；3，腮腺邻近组绢的炎症； 症状是发热、白细胞增多，腮腺局部红、肿、痛、热，当病变进入化脓期挤压腮腺可见脓液自导管口流出。 病毒性通常称之为流行性腮腺炎，较多发生于幼儿或少年时期有传染接触史，可双侧或单侧受累，白细胞不但不增高反而减低或正常，局部症状和化脓性差不多，但没有化脓倾向。 治疗：急性化脓性腮腺炎早期以药物治疗为主，抗菌素，中药荆防败毒散、五味消毒饮；同时采用刺激分泌的方法以保持唾液分泌畅通。如果病程超过一周，进入化脓期，则应进行切开排脓手术。 病毒性腮腺炎没有特效疗法，可以使用前述中药治疗，如果有并发细菌感染的可以使用抗菌素。                 医治方法 流行性腮腺炎，又叫“痄腮”。冬季易发此病，多见于5--10岁的儿童。是一种由病毒引起的急性传染病。主要通过飞沫及病人接触后传染，多发于人群聚集处，如幼儿园、学校、军营等。一旦你孩子患过流行性腮腺炎，将永远不再患此病，因为他已经能终身免疫。大多数地区要求学龄前儿童注射疫苗。如果未建立终身免疫，则需被动注射抗流行性腮腺炎的免疫疫苗。接种麻、风、腮三联疫苗或腮腺炎疫苗可预防本病的发生。本病前期症状一般较轻，表现为体温中度增高、头痛、肌肉酸痛等。腮腺肿大常是本病的首发体征，持续7--10天，常一侧腮腺先肿，2--3天后对侧腮腺亦出现肿大，有时肿胀仅为单侧，腮腺肿大的特点是以耳垂为中心，向前、后、下扩大，边缘不清，触之有弹性感，有疼痛及触痛，表面皮肤不红，可有热感，张口、咀嚼特别是吃酸性食物时疼痛加重。肿痛在3--5天达到高峰，一周左右消退。常有腮腺管口红肿。同侧咽部及软腭可有肿胀，扁桃体向中线移位；喉水肿亦可发生；上胸部亦可出现水肿，躯干偶见红色斑丘疹或荨麻疹。流行性腮腺炎给患儿带来很大痛苦，腮腺疼痛难忍，少数病人的胰腺、脑膜、脑、肝和心都会受到不同程度的损害。本病对机体的严重危害并不只是腮腺本身，而是它的并发症，应高度警惕和防治并发症。常见的并发症有：脑膜炎、睾丸炎和急性胰腺炎等。 1）脑膜炎--为儿童期最常见的并发症，男性较女性多3--5倍。以淡漠、颈项强直、呕吐等为常见症状；腮腺炎并发脑膜炎一般预后良好；如果不及时治疗则可能留有永久后遗症甚至死亡。 2.睾丸炎--是男孩最常见的合并症，患者最小年龄3岁，青春发育期后的男性发病率高达30％。早期症状为发热、寒战、头痛、恶心、下腹疼痛，患侧睾丸有明显疼痛、肿胀、触痛，邻近皮肤水肿、发红，30％--40％的患者受累睾丸发生萎缩，10％左右的患者生育力受损，并常伴有附睾炎，后者也可单独出现。 3.卵巢炎--7％的青春期女性患者可并发卵巢炎，有发热、呕吐、下腹疼痛及压痛，但不影响日后生育功能。 4.胰腺炎--表现为上腹疼痛及压痛，伴发热、寒战、呕吐和虚脱。 5.其他--心?br>*妆硐治 那扒 弁础⑿亩 杭捌７Γ 鲅壮Ｔ谌 傺缀?0--14天出现症状。此外尚可发生乳腺炎、甲状腺炎、关节炎、泪腺炎、角膜炎等，一般在20天内恢复。 6.流行性腮腺炎是病毒感染，是一种自限性疾病，主要是抗病毒治疗及对症治疗，应用抗菌素治疗无效，中草药疗效较好，可请中医开一些清热解毒、散结清肿的中药，如用板蓝根、夏枯草、蒲公英等煎水服用。选鲜而多汁的仙人掌一块，剥掉外皮和小刺，捣烂如泥，外敷患处，每天换敷1次，一般2到3天就可以治愈。仙人掌味淡性寒，可以起到清热解毒，消肿止痛的作用。也可将适量马齿苋洗净，沥干水分，捣烂，敷于患处。每日换1次。另外一方：豆腐30克，绿豆6克，冰糖50克，加水煎服，每日1剂，连服3天。如果孩子高热、头痛剧烈，应警惕脑膜炎，及时到医院检查治疗，以免延误病情。一旦发现孩子患了流行性腮腺炎，首先要立即与健康人分开居住，居室要定时通风换气，保持空气流通。病发期间至腮腺消肿之前不得去幼儿园或是学校，以免传染给其他儿童。病儿要卧床休息，不可过于劳累。注意不要给孩子吃有刺激性的食物，要给病儿吃易咀嚼和易消化的流质和半流质，以减轻孩子吞咽的困难。要多喝开水，以利于身体内毒素的排出；小儿患腮腺炎后，其所用饮食用具要与其他人分开，并进行定时煮沸消毒。病儿的衣服、被褥等物品，在生病期间可拿到室外曝晒，脸盆、毛巾、手绢等物，每天需用开水烫1--2次。定时给孩子测量体温，必要时，可以采取降温措施。如果男孩的睾丸疼痛，可以用绷带把阴囊托起，以减轻疼痛。保持孩子口腔卫生：要孩子经常用温盐水漱口。局部热敷：用包了毛巾的热水袋给孩子在患处热敷，可以减轻孩子患处的疼痛。

1、卡介苗、百白破疫苗、脊灰疫苗、麻疹疫苗可以同时接种。 2、风疹疫苗、麻疹疫苗、腮腺炎疫苗可以同时接种，与其它疫苗必须间隔30天。 3、水痘疫苗原则上不间隔，和麻疹疫苗必须间隔30天以上，其它疫苗间隔15天以上。 4、流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗和所有疫苗间隔15天以上，与风疹疫苗间隔30天以上。 5、同一手臂20天内不能同时接种两种以上疫苗。 6、先天性心脏病儿童严禁注射肾上腺素。 7、乙肝就不能与麻疹同时接种；类疫苗可以同时接种,得不同手臂；死苗与死苗之间没有间隔时间;活苗与死苗也不存在间隔时间;活苗与活苗要么就同一天接种,要么就要隔28天。